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verbos irregulares

Presente Progresivo

 

Verbo Auxiliar “To be” de cada pronombre personal: Am, is, are.

Definición

El presente progresivo o continuo es un tiempo verbal del presente el cual se usa en dos casos:

1. Para describir hechos o acciones que el sujeto está realizando al momento de hablar.
2. Para hablar acerca de una acción o planes que vamos a realizar en un futuro cercano.

Reglas

Formas del verbo “To be”
Pronombre	Verbo “To be”
I	Am
He	Is
She
It
We	Are
You
They

 Para la formación de oraciones en Presente Progresivo, se debe utilizar el verbo “To be” de cada uno de los pronombres personales, seguido por el verbo o acción en gerundio. Recordemos que en la lengua inglesa, para que un verbo esté en su forma gerundia, se debe agregar al final de cada verbo la terminación “-ing”, que en el español, se traduce como las terminaciones “-ando”,”-iendo” o “-yendo”.

  Existen algunas reglas para convertir un verbo en su forma simple a gerundio, de acuerdo a su terminación.

• Si el verbo tiene una sola sílaba y termina en una consonante precedida de una única vocal (siguiendo la estructura Consonante-vocal-consonante), dicha consonante se debe duplicar y posteriormente agregamos la terminación “-ing”. 

Cut-cutting (cortar – cortando)     Sit-sitting (sentar – sentando)

• Si el verbo termina en “-e” y ésta es precedida por una consonante, la “e” se elimina y en su lugar se agrega “-ing”.

Come – coming ( venir – viniendo)    Write – writing (escribir – escribiendo)

• Si el verbo tiene más de una sílaba y el acento recae sobre la última, tenemos que doblar la última consonante cuando tengamos una sola vocal y única consonante en la última sílaba.

Admit – Admitting (aceptar – aceptando)   Begin – Beginning (empezar – empezando)

• Cuando una verbo termina en “l”, y ésta es precedida por una vocal, dicha “l”, debe duplicarse y entonces, se agregará “-ing”.

Cancel – Cancelling (cancelar – cancelando)  Impel – Impelling (impulsar – impulsando)

• En los verbos que terminan en “-ie”, esta partícula debe ser sustituida por una “y” para entonces agregar el “-ing”.

Lie – Lying (mentir – mintiendo)

Finalmente, como en todos los tiempos verbales, se debe hacer uso de las expresiones de tiempo para indicar que la acción en la que recae la oración se está realizando en el momento en que se habla o para indicar que estamos describiendo planes futuros.

Estructura de Oraciones

Time Expressions
English	Spanish
At the moment	En este momento
Now	Ahora
Today	Hoy
This week/month	Esta semana/ mes
Tomorrow	Mañana
Next week	La siguiente semana
Currently	Actualmente

Oraciones Afirmativas (Am, is are) 

Pronombre/sujeto + Aux. “To be” + Verbo-ing + Complemento + Expresión de tiempo

Oraciones Negativas (Am not, isn´t, aren´t) 

Pronombre/ sujeto + Aux. “To be” – not + Verbo ing+ Complemento+ Expresión de tiempo

Oraciones Interrogativas

Aux. “To be” + Pronombre/ sujeto + Verbo-ing + Complemento + Expresión de Tiempo + ?

Ejemplos de oraciones

Afirmativa

Kelly is eating in her home at the moment.

Negativa

Kelly is not eating in her home at the moment.

Interrogativa

Is Kelly eating in her home at the moment?

present progressive

The Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Useful Tip

Time Expressions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

• Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a period in the past > I have been jogging in this parksince 2002 / He has been staring at the wallever since he heard the news.
• Use for with a number of hours, days, months, years > She’s been talking on the phone for 3 hours.

The present perfect progressive (continuous) is actually easier to understand than the present perfect simple tense. It is used to describe an event that started in the past but is still happening in the present. That event in the present can be

An habitual event:

1. I have been living in this house for 40 years.
   (I started living in it 40 years ago and I am still living in it today.)

Something that is taking place at this moment:

1. I have been climbing up this mountain for over two hours.
   (I started climbing up it two hours ago and at this moment I’m still climbing.)

To form the present perfect progressive (continuous), has or have + been + verbing (present participle).

Subject	have/has + been + verbing	rest of sentence
I / You / We / They	have been sitting	here for two hours
He / She / It	has been working	at this company since April

Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous) – Which to use?

In general, use the present perfect simple when the action started in the past and is relevant to the present. Ex. This is the third time I’ve written to you. (I wrote twice in the past and now I am writing again – in the present.)

If it’s an action that started in the past and that same action is still happening now, use the present perfect progressive. Ex I have been waiting for you since 10 am.

Some actions can be expressed in either tense, especially those that started in the past and still occur in the present on a habitual basis. Ex. I have lived in this house for 20 years. / I have been living in this house for 20 years. Both sentences are correct.

Contractions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

In general, we contract the subject (the person or thing doing the action) and form of have:

1. I have > I’ve – I’ve been thinking about you since you called.
2. He has > He’s / She has > She’s / It has > It’s – He’s been singing for two hours.
3. We have > We’ve / You have > You’ve / They are > They’ve – We’ve been helping her out for a few months.

You may have noticed that the 3rd person singular (he, she, it) contractions look like those in the present progressive. You can tell them apart by the use of been and from the context of the sentence: he is > He’s eating now. / he has >He’s been eating for two hours.

Negative Sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Spelling Tip

When shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)
has not > hasn’t

When creating negative sentences, we use hasn’t or haven’t together with been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb. Save the long forms (has not, and have not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject	Auxillery Verb	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They	haven’t (have not)	been lying	to you
He / She / It	hasn’t (has not)	been sleeping	weill since the accident

1. I haven’t been feeling well lately.
2. Simon hasn’t been attending class regularly since he got a job.
3. The sales team hasn’t been performing at the top of their game.
4. He has not been paying attention!

Yes/No Questions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Have or Has, (Haven’t or Hasn’t for a negative question) then add a subject (the person or thing that has been doing the action) followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Have	I / you / we / they	been working	since this morning
Has	he / she / it	been earning	minimum wage
Hasn’t	he / she / it	been helping	you clean the house

1. Have you been keeping track of sales?
2. Has Jerry been picking fruit from my trees again?

Wh-Questions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, which, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add have or has, then the subject (a person or thing that has been doing the action), followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb, and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
What	have	I / you / we / they	been doing	lately
Why	has	he / she / it	been copying	documents all day

1. What have you been doing since I left?
2. Why has the phone been ringing for the last two hours?
3. How long has he been waiting?

Exercises – Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Fill in the correct for of the Present Perfect Progressive as in the examples.

1. I‘ve been gardening for three hours. (garden) My back is killing me!
2. Tony has been listening to the news non-stop since the conflict began. (listen)
3. Have you been saving the coupons for me? (save)

presente

El tiempo Present (presente) responde a la pregunta: What happens? = ¿Qué pasa? o What is happening? = ¿Qué está pasando?. Se forma: Sujeto + verbo en presente (I work). Sujeto + am/are/is + verbo en progresivo (I am working).

1. Present I work I am working	2. Present perfect I have worked I have been working
3. Past I worked I was working	4. Past perfect I had worked I had been working
5. Future I will work I will be working	6. Future perfect I will have worked I will have been working
7. Future (going to) I am going to work I am going to be working	8. Future perfect (going to) I am going to have worked I am going to have been working
9. Future in past I was going to work I was going to be working	10. Future perfect in past I was going to have worked I was going to have been working
11. Conditional I would work I would be working	12. Conditional perfect I would have worked I would have been working
13. Modals I (can, could, ...) work I (can, could, ...) be working	14. Modals + have I (can, could, ...) have worked I (can, could, ...) have been working
15. Imperative Work! Let's work! present Simple What happens? - ¿Qué pasa?  I work - Trabajo  The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.El sol sale por el este y se pone por el oeste. Mr. Jackson goes to work by taxi every day. El Sr. Jackson va en taxi a trabajar todos los días. We sometimes dine at Peter's. A veces cenamos en lo de Peter. I always wake up before 7 a.m. Me despierto siempre a las 7:00 a.m. When it rains, animals find shelter under trees. Cuando llueve, los animales se refugian debajo de los árboles Rex does not live in Chicago.Rex no vive en Chicago. They are vegetarians so they do not eat meat. Son vegetarianos por lo que no comen carne. How often do you take your dog for a walk?¿Cada cuánto sacas a pasear a tu perro? Does Betsy speak English?¿Betsy habla inglés? Present Continuous What is happening? - ¿Qué está pasando? I am working - Estoy trabajando You are reading a sentence now. Usted está leyendo una oración ahora. Someone is listening to the radio at this moment. Alguien está escuchando la radio en este momento. Bill is writing a new novel.  Bill está escribiendo una nueva novela. My children are not playing the guitar right now. Mis hijos no están tocando la guitarra en este preciso momento. Is Mary studying now? ¿Mary está estudiando ahora?